diff --git a/internal/app/controller/plan/converter.go b/internal/app/controller/plan/converter.go
index 25eff56..80ad497 100644
--- a/internal/app/controller/plan/converter.go
+++ b/internal/app/controller/plan/converter.go
@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ func PlanToResponse(plan *models.Plan) *PlanResponse {
 	return response
 }
 
-// PlanFromCreateRequest 将CreatePlanRequest转换为Plan模型
-func PlanFromCreateRequest(req *CreatePlanRequest) *models.Plan {
+// PlanFromCreateRequest 将CreatePlanRequest转换为Plan模型，并进行业务规则验证
+func PlanFromCreateRequest(req *CreatePlanRequest) (*models.Plan, error) {
 	if req == nil {
-		return nil
+		return nil, nil
 	}
 
 	plan := &models.Plan{
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ func PlanFromCreateRequest(req *CreatePlanRequest) *models.Plan {
 		for i, childPlanID := range req.SubPlanIDs {
 			plan.SubPlans[i] = models.SubPlan{
 				ChildPlanID:    childPlanID,
-				ExecutionOrder: i + 1, // 默认执行顺序
+				ExecutionOrder: i, // 默认执行顺序, ReorderSteps会再次确认
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -69,19 +69,27 @@ func PlanFromCreateRequest(req *CreatePlanRequest) *models.Plan {
 	if req.ContentType == models.PlanContentTypeTasks && req.Tasks != nil {
 		plan.Tasks = make([]models.Task, len(req.Tasks))
 		for i, taskReq := range req.Tasks {
+			// 使用来自请求的ExecutionOrder
 			plan.Tasks[i] = TaskFromRequest(&taskReq)
-			// 设置执行顺序
-			plan.Tasks[i].ExecutionOrder = i + 1
 		}
 	}
 
-	return plan
+	// 1. 首先，执行重复性验证
+	if err := plan.ValidateExecutionOrder(); err != nil {
+		// 如果检测到重复，立即返回错误
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// 2. 然后，调用方法来修复顺序断层
+	plan.ReorderSteps()
+
+	return plan, nil
 }
 
-// PlanFromUpdateRequest 将UpdatePlanRequest转换为Plan模型
-func PlanFromUpdateRequest(req *UpdatePlanRequest) *models.Plan {
+// PlanFromUpdateRequest 将UpdatePlanRequest转换为Plan模型，并进行业务规则验证
+func PlanFromUpdateRequest(req *UpdatePlanRequest) (*models.Plan, error) {
 	if req == nil {
-		return nil
+		return nil, nil
 	}
 
 	plan := &models.Plan{
@@ -98,7 +106,7 @@ func PlanFromUpdateRequest(req *UpdatePlanRequest) *models.Plan {
 		for i, childPlanID := range req.SubPlanIDs {
 			plan.SubPlans[i] = models.SubPlan{
 				ChildPlanID:    childPlanID,
-				ExecutionOrder: i + 1, // 默认执行顺序
+				ExecutionOrder: i, // 默认执行顺序, ReorderSteps会再次确认
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -107,13 +115,21 @@ func PlanFromUpdateRequest(req *UpdatePlanRequest) *models.Plan {
 	if req.ContentType == models.PlanContentTypeTasks && req.Tasks != nil {
 		plan.Tasks = make([]models.Task, len(req.Tasks))
 		for i, taskReq := range req.Tasks {
+			// 使用来自请求的ExecutionOrder
 			plan.Tasks[i] = TaskFromRequest(&taskReq)
-			// 设置执行顺序
-			plan.Tasks[i].ExecutionOrder = i + 1
 		}
 	}
 
-	return plan
+	// 1. 首先，执行重复性验证
+	if err := plan.ValidateExecutionOrder(); err != nil {
+		// 如果检测到重复，立即返回错误
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// 2. 然后，调用方法来修复顺序断层
+	plan.ReorderSteps()
+
+	return plan, nil
 }
 
 // SubPlanToResponse 将SubPlan模型转换为SubPlanResponse
diff --git a/internal/app/controller/plan/converter_test.go b/internal/app/controller/plan/converter_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2626fe8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/app/controller/plan/converter_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,459 @@
+package plan_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.huangwc.com/pig/pig-farm-controller/internal/app/controller"
+	"git.huangwc.com/pig/pig-farm-controller/internal/app/controller/plan"
+	"git.huangwc.com/pig/pig-farm-controller/internal/infra/models"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"gorm.io/datatypes"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
+func TestPlanToResponse(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("nil plan", func(t *testing.T) {
+		response := plan.PlanToResponse(nil)
+		assert.Nil(t, response)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("basic plan without associations", func(t *testing.T) {
+		planModel := &models.Plan{
+			Model:          gorm.Model{ID: 1},
+			Name:           "Test Plan",
+			Description:    "A test plan",
+			ExecutionType:  models.PlanExecutionTypeAutomatic,
+			CronExpression: "0 0 * * *",
+			ContentType:    models.PlanContentTypeTasks,
+		}
+
+		response := plan.PlanToResponse(planModel)
+		assert.NotNil(t, response)
+		assert.Equal(t, uint(1), response.ID)
+		assert.Equal(t, "Test Plan", response.Name)
+		assert.Equal(t, "A test plan", response.Description)
+		assert.Equal(t, models.PlanExecutionTypeAutomatic, response.ExecutionType)
+		assert.Equal(t, "0 0 * * *", response.CronExpression)
+		assert.Equal(t, models.PlanContentTypeTasks, response.ContentType)
+		assert.Empty(t, response.SubPlans)
+		assert.Empty(t, response.Tasks)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("plan with sub plans", func(t *testing.T) {
+		childPlan := &models.Plan{
+			Model:       gorm.Model{ID: 2},
+			Name:        "Child Plan",
+			ContentType: models.PlanContentTypeTasks,
+		}
+
+		planModel := &models.Plan{
+			Model:       gorm.Model{ID: 1},
+			Name:        "Parent Plan",
+			ContentType: models.PlanContentTypeSubPlans,
+			SubPlans: []models.SubPlan{
+				{
+					Model:          gorm.Model{ID: 10},
+					ParentPlanID:   1,
+					ChildPlanID:    2,
+					ExecutionOrder: 1,
+					ChildPlan:      childPlan,
+				},
+			},
+		}
+
+		response := plan.PlanToResponse(planModel)
+		assert.NotNil(t, response)
+		assert.Equal(t, uint(1), response.ID)
+		assert.Equal(t, "Parent Plan", response.Name)
+		assert.Equal(t, models.PlanContentTypeSubPlans, response.ContentType)
+		assert.Len(t, response.SubPlans, 1)
+		assert.Empty(t, response.Tasks)
+
+		subPlanResp := response.SubPlans[0]
+		assert.Equal(t, uint(10), subPlanResp.ID)
+		assert.Equal(t, uint(1), subPlanResp.ParentPlanID)
+		assert.Equal(t, uint(2), subPlanResp.ChildPlanID)
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, subPlanResp.ExecutionOrder)
+		assert.NotNil(t, subPlanResp.ChildPlan)
+		assert.Equal(t, "Child Plan", subPlanResp.ChildPlan.Name)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("plan with tasks", func(t *testing.T) {
+		params := datatypes.JSON([]byte(`{"device_id": 1, "value": 25}`))
+
+		planModel := &models.Plan{
+			Model:       gorm.Model{ID: 1},
+			Name:        "Task Plan",
+			ContentType: models.PlanContentTypeTasks,
+			Tasks: []models.Task{
+				{
+					Model:          gorm.Model{ID: 10},
+					PlanID:         1,
+					Name:           "Task 1",
+					Description:    "First task",
+					ExecutionOrder: 1,
+					Type:           models.TaskTypeWaiting,
+					Parameters:     params,
+				},
+			},
+		}
+
+		response := plan.PlanToResponse(planModel)
+		assert.NotNil(t, response)
+		assert.Equal(t, uint(1), response.ID)
+		assert.Equal(t, "Task Plan", response.Name)
+		assert.Equal(t, models.PlanContentTypeTasks, response.ContentType)
+		assert.Len(t, response.Tasks, 1)
+		assert.Empty(t, response.SubPlans)
+
+		taskResp := response.Tasks[0]
+		assert.Equal(t, uint(10), taskResp.ID)
+		assert.Equal(t, uint(1), taskResp.PlanID)
+		assert.Equal(t, "Task 1", taskResp.Name)
+		assert.Equal(t, "First task", taskResp.Description)
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, taskResp.ExecutionOrder)
+		assert.Equal(t, models.TaskTypeWaiting, taskResp.Type)
+		assert.Equal(t, controller.Properties(params), taskResp.Parameters)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestPlanFromCreateRequest(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("nil request", func(t *testing.T) {
+		planModel, err := plan.PlanFromCreateRequest(nil)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Nil(t, planModel)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("basic plan without associations", func(t *testing.T) {
+		req := &plan.CreatePlanRequest{
+			Name:           "Test Plan",
+			Description:    "A test plan",
+			ExecutionType:  models.PlanExecutionTypeAutomatic,
+			CronExpression: "0 0 * * *",
+			ContentType:    models.PlanContentTypeTasks,
+		}
+
+		planModel, err := plan.PlanFromCreateRequest(req)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NotNil(t, planModel)
+		assert.Equal(t, "Test Plan", planModel.Name)
+		assert.Equal(t, "A test plan", planModel.Description)
+		assert.Equal(t, models.PlanExecutionTypeAutomatic, planModel.ExecutionType)
+		assert.Equal(t, "0 0 * * *", planModel.CronExpression)
+		assert.Equal(t, models.PlanContentTypeTasks, planModel.ContentType)
+		assert.Empty(t, planModel.SubPlans)
+		assert.Empty(t, planModel.Tasks)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("plan with sub plan IDs", func(t *testing.T) {
+		req := &plan.CreatePlanRequest{
+			Name:        "Parent Plan",
+			ContentType: models.PlanContentTypeSubPlans,
+			SubPlanIDs:  []uint{2, 3},
+		}
+
+		planModel, err := plan.PlanFromCreateRequest(req)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NotNil(t, planModel)
+		assert.Equal(t, "Parent Plan", planModel.Name)
+		assert.Equal(t, models.PlanContentTypeSubPlans, planModel.ContentType)
+		assert.Len(t, planModel.SubPlans, 2)
+		assert.Empty(t, planModel.Tasks)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, uint(2), planModel.SubPlans[0].ChildPlanID)
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, planModel.SubPlans[0].ExecutionOrder)
+		assert.Equal(t, uint(3), planModel.SubPlans[1].ChildPlanID)
+		assert.Equal(t, 2, planModel.SubPlans[1].ExecutionOrder)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("plan with tasks", func(t *testing.T) {
+		params := controller.Properties([]byte(`{"device_id": 1, "value": 25}`))
+
+		req := &plan.CreatePlanRequest{
+			Name:        "Task Plan",
+			ContentType: models.PlanContentTypeTasks,
+			Tasks: []plan.TaskRequest{
+				{
+					Name:           "Task 1",
+					Description:    "First task",
+					ExecutionOrder: 1,
+					Type:           models.TaskTypeWaiting,
+					Parameters:     params,
+				},
+			},
+		}
+
+		planModel, err := plan.PlanFromCreateRequest(req)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NotNil(t, planModel)
+		assert.Equal(t, "Task Plan", planModel.Name)
+		assert.Equal(t, models.PlanContentTypeTasks, planModel.ContentType)
+		assert.Len(t, planModel.Tasks, 1)
+		assert.Empty(t, planModel.SubPlans)
+
+		task := planModel.Tasks[0]
+		assert.Equal(t, "Task 1", task.Name)
+		assert.Equal(t, "First task", task.Description)
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, task.ExecutionOrder)
+		assert.Equal(t, models.TaskTypeWaiting, task.Type)
+		assert.Equal(t, datatypes.JSON(params), task.Parameters)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("plan with tasks with gapped execution order", func(t *testing.T) {
+		req := &plan.CreatePlanRequest{
+			Name:        "Task Plan with Gaps",
+			ContentType: models.PlanContentTypeTasks,
+			Tasks: []plan.TaskRequest{
+				{Name: "Task 3", ExecutionOrder: 5},
+				{Name: "Task 1", ExecutionOrder: 2},
+			},
+		}
+
+		planModel, err := plan.PlanFromCreateRequest(req)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NotNil(t, planModel)
+		assert.Len(t, planModel.Tasks, 2)
+
+		// After ReorderSteps, tasks are sorted by their original ExecutionOrder and then re-numbered.
+		assert.Equal(t, "Task 1", planModel.Tasks[0].Name)
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, planModel.Tasks[0].ExecutionOrder)
+		assert.Equal(t, "Task 3", planModel.Tasks[1].Name)
+		assert.Equal(t, 2, planModel.Tasks[1].ExecutionOrder)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("plan with duplicate task execution order", func(t *testing.T) {
+		req := &plan.CreatePlanRequest{
+			Name:        "Invalid Plan",
+			ContentType: models.PlanContentTypeTasks,
+			Tasks: []plan.TaskRequest{
+				{Name: "Task 1", ExecutionOrder: 1},
+				{Name: "Task 2", ExecutionOrder: 1}, // Duplicate order
+			},
+		}
+
+		planModel, err := plan.PlanFromCreateRequest(req)
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "任务执行顺序重复")
+		assert.Nil(t, planModel)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestPlanFromUpdateRequest(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("nil request", func(t *testing.T) {
+		planModel, err := plan.PlanFromUpdateRequest(nil)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Nil(t, planModel)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("basic plan without associations", func(t *testing.T) {
+		req := &plan.UpdatePlanRequest{
+			Name:           "Updated Plan",
+			Description:    "An updated plan",
+			ExecutionType:  models.PlanExecutionTypeManual,
+			CronExpression: "0 30 * * *",
+			ContentType:    models.PlanContentTypeTasks,
+		}
+
+		planModel, err := plan.PlanFromUpdateRequest(req)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NotNil(t, planModel)
+		assert.Equal(t, "Updated Plan", planModel.Name)
+		assert.Equal(t, "An updated plan", planModel.Description)
+		assert.Equal(t, models.PlanExecutionTypeManual, planModel.ExecutionType)
+		assert.Equal(t, "0 30 * * *", planModel.CronExpression)
+		assert.Equal(t, models.PlanContentTypeTasks, planModel.ContentType)
+		assert.Empty(t, planModel.SubPlans)
+		assert.Empty(t, planModel.Tasks)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("plan with sub plan IDs", func(t *testing.T) {
+		req := &plan.UpdatePlanRequest{
+			Name:        "Updated Parent Plan",
+			ContentType: models.PlanContentTypeSubPlans,
+			SubPlanIDs:  []uint{2, 3},
+		}
+
+		planModel, err := plan.PlanFromUpdateRequest(req)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NotNil(t, planModel)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "Updated Parent Plan", planModel.Name)
+		assert.Equal(t, models.PlanContentTypeSubPlans, planModel.ContentType)
+		assert.Len(t, planModel.SubPlans, 2)
+		assert.Empty(t, planModel.Tasks)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, uint(2), planModel.SubPlans[0].ChildPlanID)
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, planModel.SubPlans[0].ExecutionOrder)
+		assert.Equal(t, uint(3), planModel.SubPlans[1].ChildPlanID)
+		assert.Equal(t, 2, planModel.SubPlans[1].ExecutionOrder)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("plan with tasks", func(t *testing.T) {
+		params := controller.Properties([]byte(`{"device_id": 1, "value": 25}`))
+
+		req := &plan.UpdatePlanRequest{
+			Name:        "Updated Task Plan",
+			ContentType: models.PlanContentTypeTasks,
+			Tasks: []plan.TaskRequest{
+				{
+					Name:           "Task 1",
+					Description:    "First task",
+					ExecutionOrder: 1,
+					Type:           models.TaskTypeWaiting,
+					Parameters:     params,
+				},
+			},
+		}
+
+		planModel, err := plan.PlanFromUpdateRequest(req)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NotNil(t, planModel)
+		assert.Equal(t, "Updated Task Plan", planModel.Name)
+		assert.Equal(t, models.PlanContentTypeTasks, planModel.ContentType)
+		assert.Len(t, planModel.Tasks, 1)
+		assert.Empty(t, planModel.SubPlans)
+
+		task := planModel.Tasks[0]
+		assert.Equal(t, "Task 1", task.Name)
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, task.ExecutionOrder)
+		assert.Equal(t, datatypes.JSON(params), task.Parameters)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("plan with duplicate task execution order", func(t *testing.T) {
+		req := &plan.UpdatePlanRequest{
+			Name:        "Invalid Updated Plan",
+			ContentType: models.PlanContentTypeTasks,
+			Tasks: []plan.TaskRequest{
+				{Name: "Task 1", ExecutionOrder: 1},
+				{Name: "Task 2", ExecutionOrder: 1}, // Duplicate order
+			},
+		}
+
+		planModel, err := plan.PlanFromUpdateRequest(req)
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "任务执行顺序重复")
+		assert.Nil(t, planModel)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("plan with tasks with gapped execution order", func(t *testing.T) {
+		req := &plan.UpdatePlanRequest{
+			Name:        "Updated Task Plan with Gaps",
+			ContentType: models.PlanContentTypeTasks,
+			Tasks: []plan.TaskRequest{
+				{Name: "Task 3", ExecutionOrder: 5},
+				{Name: "Task 1", ExecutionOrder: 2},
+			},
+		}
+
+		planModel, err := plan.PlanFromUpdateRequest(req)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NotNil(t, planModel)
+		assert.Len(t, planModel.Tasks, 2)
+
+		// After ReorderSteps, tasks are sorted by their original ExecutionOrder and then re-numbered.
+		assert.Equal(t, "Task 1", planModel.Tasks[0].Name)
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, planModel.Tasks[0].ExecutionOrder)
+		assert.Equal(t, "Task 3", planModel.Tasks[1].Name)
+		assert.Equal(t, 2, planModel.Tasks[1].ExecutionOrder)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestSubPlanToResponse(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("nil sub plan", func(t *testing.T) {
+		response := plan.SubPlanToResponse(nil)
+		assert.Equal(t, plan.SubPlanResponse{}, response)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("sub plan without child plan", func(t *testing.T) {
+		subPlan := &models.SubPlan{
+			Model:          gorm.Model{ID: 10},
+			ParentPlanID:   1,
+			ChildPlanID:    2,
+			ExecutionOrder: 1,
+		}
+
+		response := plan.SubPlanToResponse(subPlan)
+		assert.Equal(t, uint(10), response.ID)
+		assert.Equal(t, uint(1), response.ParentPlanID)
+		assert.Equal(t, uint(2), response.ChildPlanID)
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, response.ExecutionOrder)
+		assert.Nil(t, response.ChildPlan)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("sub plan with child plan", func(t *testing.T) {
+		childPlan := &models.Plan{
+			Model: gorm.Model{ID: 2},
+			Name:  "Child Plan",
+		}
+
+		subPlan := &models.SubPlan{
+			Model:          gorm.Model{ID: 10},
+			ParentPlanID:   1,
+			ChildPlanID:    2,
+			ExecutionOrder: 1,
+			ChildPlan:      childPlan,
+		}
+
+		response := plan.SubPlanToResponse(subPlan)
+		assert.Equal(t, uint(10), response.ID)
+		assert.Equal(t, uint(1), response.ParentPlanID)
+		assert.Equal(t, uint(2), response.ChildPlanID)
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, response.ExecutionOrder)
+		assert.NotNil(t, response.ChildPlan)
+		assert.Equal(t, "Child Plan", response.ChildPlan.Name)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestTaskToResponse(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("nil task", func(t *testing.T) {
+		response := plan.TaskToResponse(nil)
+		assert.Equal(t, plan.TaskResponse{}, response)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("task with parameters", func(t *testing.T) {
+		params := datatypes.JSON([]byte(`{"device_id": 1, "value": 25}`))
+		task := &models.Task{
+			Model:          gorm.Model{ID: 10},
+			PlanID:         1,
+			Name:           "Test Task",
+			Description:    "A test task",
+			ExecutionOrder: 1,
+			Type:           models.TaskTypeWaiting,
+			Parameters:     params,
+		}
+
+		response := plan.TaskToResponse(task)
+		assert.Equal(t, uint(10), response.ID)
+		assert.Equal(t, uint(1), response.PlanID)
+		assert.Equal(t, "Test Task", response.Name)
+		assert.Equal(t, "A test task", response.Description)
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, response.ExecutionOrder)
+		assert.Equal(t, models.TaskTypeWaiting, response.Type)
+		assert.Equal(t, controller.Properties(params), response.Parameters)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestTaskFromRequest(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("nil request", func(t *testing.T) {
+		task := plan.TaskFromRequest(nil)
+		assert.Equal(t, models.Task{}, task)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("task with parameters", func(t *testing.T) {
+		params := controller.Properties([]byte(`{"device_id": 1, "value": 25}`))
+		req := &plan.TaskRequest{
+			Name:           "Test Task",
+			Description:    "A test task",
+			ExecutionOrder: 1,
+			Type:           models.TaskTypeWaiting,
+			Parameters:     params,
+		}
+
+		task := plan.TaskFromRequest(req)
+		assert.Equal(t, "Test Task", task.Name)
+		assert.Equal(t, "A test task", task.Description)
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, task.ExecutionOrder)
+		assert.Equal(t, models.TaskTypeWaiting, task.Type)
+		assert.Equal(t, datatypes.JSON(params), task.Parameters)
+	})
+}